đź“šMonkeypox 101
A cheat-sheet to our current Monkeypox situation.
Along the left-hand side you have a very simplified lineage of orthopoxviruses (the genus of virus that both Monkeypox and Smallpox derive from). I wanted to make it easier to understand how closely related these two diseases are. The lineage also highlights another orthopoxvirus – vaccinia virus – because smallpox vaccines (which also mostly cover Monkeypox) are based on this similar but less dangerous species. Finally, I throw in a quick mention of chickenpox because I think there is some confusion around whether they are related. While the names both contain pox, chickenpox is from varicella-zoster virus which is a herpes virus, so it is entirely unrelated. Immunity against chickenpox does not protect you from Monkeypox.
I also highlight a visual of the number of cases we now have globally and in the US. It is important to note that we do not expect transmission to be as wide-spread as something like C19. The clinical progression of Monkeypox is still something to be aware of despite lower numbers.
Importantly, there has been a lot of misinformation about transmission of Monkeypox. It appears that in this particular outbreak the virus is spreading mostly between men who have sex with men (MSM). This does NOT mean that everyone outside that community is not at risk. Poxviruses are spread through close contact with infected individuals which also includes coming in contact (non-sexually) with the rash/sores of infected individuals or their clothing/soiled laundry. If you notice any form of rash after experiencing a fever/headache/muscle aches, it would be wise to contact your healthcare provider to rule out infection.
Thankfully, smallpox has been eradicated since the 80s but the US still has stock of approved smallpox vaccines that could be used if needed. Both (one live and one inactive) are based on vaccinia virus to reduce risk. While they both would likely cover Monkeypox, only JYNNEOS (inactivated vaccine) is FDA approved for this use.
I hope this quick rundown helps you better understand the key details around Monkeypox!